Breast Cancer Awareness Month: Early Detection Through Screening

Breast cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges facing women today, with millions affected globally. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, approximately 310,720 women and 2,800 men in the United States will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2024. As such, Breast Cancer Awareness Month is marked every October to serve as a reminder of the importance of early detection of breast cancer.

Early detection of breast cancer is crucial as it greatly improves the prognosis of diagnosed breast cancer. The earlier breast cancer is diagnosed, the more treatment options are available, and the better the chances of successful treatment. In fact, the 5-year survival rate for localized cancers detected early is 99%. Therefore, it is important to be aware of how breast cancer can be detected, diagnosed and treated early.

Learn more: Early Detection of Breast Cancer: What You need to Know

One of the most effective ways to detect breast cancer early is through breast cancer screening. Through screening, it is possible to detect cancer even before any symptoms appear, allowing for early intervention.

Screening refers to tests aimed at detecting diseases or conditions even before any symptoms are present. In the case of breast cancer, yearly mammograms for women aged 40 and older are encouraged, though this may vary according to individual risk factors and circumstances. Depending on various factors, alternative or additional methods, such as breast MRI scans or breast ultrasounds, may also be used.

Breast cancer screening may be able to detect breast tumors when they’re still small and even before a lump or any symptoms are observed or felt. Many cancers detected at this stage are highly treatable, and women in the appropriate age range are recommended for regular screenings. Women at a higher risk for breast cancer may be recommended more frequent or additional screenings. However, it is crucial to be aware of the advantages and potential harms of breast cancer screening, and consult your doctor about any concerns regarding your breast cancer risk and if a screening mammogram is appropriate for your situation.

Learn more: Advantages and Disadvantages of Screening Mammograms: What You Should Know

Despite the benefits of early detection, many women face barriers to regular screening. If you are considering going for a breast screening but are hesitating, you may be having these thoughts:

“I’m afraid that the mammogram will be painful.”

During a mammogram, each breast is slightly compressed as the x-ray images of the breast are taken. You will feel pressure in your breast, which may cause some slight discomfort. Some women do feel mild pain. However, it only lasts for a few seconds before the breast is released.

Learn more: What to Expect for a Mammogram

“I’m afraid of being told that I have cancer.”

Being afraid of a cancer diagnosis is completely normal and understandable. However, if you do have an undiagnosed cancer, being informed of your diagnosis early is essential in ensuring early intervention and treatment, increasing your chances of survival and minimizing disruptions to your quality of life.

Some people choose not to find out if they have breast cancer because they know they will forego treatment regardless. However, if you do know that you would absolutely seek treatment if you were diagnosed with breast cancer, do not let the fear of diagnosis stop you from going for a screening. It may save your life (or your breast)!

“I can’t afford breast cancer screening.”

Not being able to afford breast cancer screening is a very real and unfortunate problem, especially for those who are uninsured or underinsured. If you are uninsured or your insurance does not cover screening exams, there are ways to get a screening, either free or at a low cost. Here are a few US-based programs or grants that offer free or low-cost screenings that you may be eligible for:

• National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
• National Mammography Program (National Breast Cancer Foundation)
• Breast Cancer Assistance Program (American Breast Cancer Foundation)
• Breast Screening Program (United Breast Cancer Foundation)

Some organizations and health centers do not offer such programs directly, but are able to assist or connect you with partner facilities to help you in getting affordable breast cancer screenings. Here are a few US-based organizations that may be able to assist you:

• Susan G. Komen
  Susan G. Komen provides access to no-cost screening mammography, depending on income eligibility.
  Breast Care Helpline: 1-877-465-6636
  Email: helpline@komen.org
• Planned Parenthood health centers
  While these centers do not offer screening mammograms directly, some centers can refer you to suitable facilities for affordable screening mammograms. Contact a Planned Parenthood health center near you to find out more.

“I’m overweight/obese, and I’m afraid of judgment.”

If you are overweight or obese, it is understandable that you may fear judgment, criticism or unsolicited weight loss advice from healthcare providers, perhaps because of a past negative experience or low self-esteem. While it may be purely psychological for most people, discrimination and a lack of respect towards obese people are realities for some. However, do know that while there are a few black sheep in the healthcare sector, most healthcare professionals have the best intentions for you. For the sake of your health and wellbeing, do not let a negative experience or the fear of judgment hinder you from getting screened.

Learn more: How Obesity Can Affect Your Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Fear of discomfort or pain during a mammogram, anxiety about potential results, social stigmas and concerns about the cost of screening can prevent women from scheduling these crucial exams. Staying up to date and being aware can help to address these concerns. If you are 40 years old or above or if you are concerned about your breast cancer risk, do talk to a healthcare professional about the suitability of going for a breast cancer screening. Remember, early detection can save lives. Make your health a priority.

As male breast cancer is very rare, it is generally not practical or recommended for men to undergo breast cancer screening. However, men with identifiable risk factors, such as known genetic mutations in the BRCA2 gene, may want to consult a healthcare professional about the necessity of regular screening tests. Regardless, if you are worried about abnormal symptoms, do consult a healthcare professional for an expert opinion.

Learn more: Understanding and Addressing Male Breast Cancer