Exploring the Impact of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)

Are you anxiously waiting for the results of your biopsy? Waiting for your biopsy results can be difficult, especially if you're worried about the possibility of having triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC may sound complex and intimidating, but remember that it is just a way for doctors to classify your cancer to know what treatment methods are available for you. They are equipped with the knowledge and resources to provide you with the best possible care. While waiting for the results, try to trust your doctors and focus on taking care of yourself. Remember to prioritize your well-being during this difficult period.

To begin, let's gain an understanding of what triple-negative breast cancer is. TNBC is a type of breast cancer that does not have estrogen or progesterone receptors and produces minimal amounts of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. Most breast cancer cells have receptors for estrogen or progesterone, which help them grow and are called hormone receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-positive, or progesterone receptor-positive. These cancers can be treated with hormone therapy that prevents the hormones from binding to the cancer cells, slowing down or stopping their growth. Other cancer cells have high levels of HER2 protein on their surfaces, which promotes growth. This is known as HER2-positive breast cancer and can be treated with drugs that target HER2. Unfortunately, TNBC tests negative for both hormones and HER2, so these treatments do not work for TNBC. Nevertheless, there are other methods available to treat TNBC.

Learn more: Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status

Receiving a cancer diagnosis is always tough, and hearing that it is a TNBC can be particularly worrisome. TNBC accounts for approximately 10-15% of all breast cancer cases. This type of cancer is less common but is known to be more aggressive, resulting in faster growth and spread. Unfortunately, it also has fewer treatment options and a poorer prognosis. However, it is important to remember that catching it early and how the body responds to treatment can still make a difference. So, while it can be a challenge, early-stage TNBC is generally treatable.

Symptoms of TNBC may resemble those of other types of breast cancer. These include:

• A new lump or mass in the breast or armpit
• Thickened, red, dry, or dimpling skin on the breast or armpit
• Changes in the shape, size, or feel of the breast
• Nipple discharge (that is not breast milk)
• Breast or nipple pain
• Nipple retraction (nipple turning inwards)
• Swollen lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone

If you notice any of these symptoms, do not worry too much. They could also be signs of non-cancerous breast conditions like fibroadenomas and mastitis, which are much easier to treat than breast cancer. Nonetheless, it's important to have a doctor examine these symptoms to receive a correct diagnosis and address the underlying issue. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve your prognosis if it turns out to be breast cancer.

Like other types of breast cancer, TNBC is typically detected through breast screenings or physical symptoms such as a breast lump. Additional tests like a diagnostic mammogram, breast ultrasound, and biopsy may be performed if breast cancer is suspected. Once confirmed as breast cancer, cells retrieved from the biopsy will be examined for hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and HER2 levels. If the cells lack estrogen and progesterone receptors and have low HER2 production levels, they will be classified as TNBC. Being proactive about early detection is important as it can lead to better outcomes.

If you are diagnosed with TNBC, it may prompt your doctors to check for the presence of a genetic mutation such as BRCA1 that can increase your risk of breast cancer. Knowing if you carry this gene can aid in preventing future cancer risks and can also inform family members who may need to be tested.

Learn more: Assessing Breast Cancer Risk Through Genetic Counselling and Testing

As hormone therapy and targeted therapy are often ineffective for TNBC, other treatment methods are utilized, including:

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Newer medicines

Learn more: A Closer Look at Treating Triple Negative Breast Cancer

According to the American Cancer Society, the five-year relative survival rates for women with TNBC are as follows*.

It's important to keep in mind that the survival rates provided are the average for all women and may not reflect the outcome for each individual. There are many factors that can affect survival rates. It's also worth noting that these rates are based on data from years ago when diagnostic technology and treatments were not as advanced.

It can be tough to hear that you have been diagnosed with TNBC, but it's important to remember that there is still hope for recovery and survival. While TNBC may have a poorer prognosis than hormone receptor-positive breast cancers and HER2-positive breast cancers, treatment options are continually improving. Moreover, new drug combinations are showing promising results in enhancing survival rates. If you are feeling worried or have concerns about TNBC, do not hesitate to seek support and advice. Remember, you are not alone in this, and there are still options available to you.